This paper provides an overview of the key modulation formats used in optical transceivers in the telecom sector, explaining how each works, along with its advantages, limitations, and typical data capacity. Optical Fiber Communication (OFC) revolutionizes modern telecommunications, enabling rapid data transfer across long distances with minimal signal loss. This comprehensive review explores OFC's historical evolution, core principles, components, and versatile applications. Either Light Emi ting Diodes (LEDs) or Laser Diodes serve as the light source in optical fibres. ptic fibres provide a far higher bandwidth. Principle: The binary signals “0” and “1” are represented by adjusting the light intensity (changing between bright and dark). Advantages: Simple implementation, low cost, and low power consumption Disadvantages: Limited transmission rate, weak anti-interference ability, and not suitable for. Optical fiber telecommunication relies on modulation – the process of encoding information onto light waves – to transmit digital data efficiently.
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